Process Flow Chart of Wet Processing in Textile Industry

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What is Wet Processing Technology in Textile Industry?

In textile engineering, wet processing is one of the major streams which refer to textile chemicals process engineering and applied science. Yarn engineering, apparel engineering and fabric manufacturing engineering are the other three streams of textile engineering. Wet processing is applied on textile materials in the form of liquid with involve some for chemical action on the textile goods. In textile industry, wet processing includes sizing, de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing etc.
Textile wet processing technology
Fig: Textile wet processing technology

Flow Chart of Wet Processing Technology in Textile:

Grey fabric
↓
Stitching & sewing
↓
Shearing & seropping
↓
Brushing
↓
Singeing
↓
De-sizing
↓
Scouring
↓
Bleach
↓
Souring
↓
Washing
↓
Drying
↓
Mercerizing
↓
Printing or dyeing
↓
Fixation or curing
↓
After treatment
↓
Finishing
↓
Checking
↓
Packaging
↓
Bailing


All the above processes have explained in the below:

1. Grey fabric:
The undyed and unfinished fabric is known as grey fabric.

2. Stitching & sewing:
It is the process to join up several grey cloths on to warpers beam to produce a continuous fabric stand for quick dyeing action. Sewing is that process to attach two or more parts of cloth by threads and needle.

3. Shearing & seropping:
The process to cut out extra weft or warp end from the fabric surface is known as seropping or shearing.

4. Brushing:
Brushing is a process to remove dirt and dust, small fibers and other additional substances by brush before singeing.

5. Singeing:
The process by which the projecting or floating fibers stands out on the fabric surface are burnt off is termed as singeing.

6. De-sizing:
The process to remove the sizing material from the fabric is known as de-sizing.

7. Scouring:
Scouring is the process to remove the fats, oil and waxy substance and added other impurities by certain percent of alkali and which increases the absorbency power of the textile materials is termed as scouring.

8. Bleach:
Bleaching is the process by which the natural color of a fiber can be removed and make the textile materials pure white and bright is known as bleaching or bleach process.

9. Souring:
The treatment by which the fabric after processing with alkali or scouring is stated with hydrochloric acid or dilutes sulphuric acid for removing alkali or neutralization of alkali is termed as souring.

10. Washing:
To wash the textile materials.

11. Drying:
After completing washing process, the textile material is dried.

12. Mercerizing:
It is the process in which the cotton materials are passed with 20-22% NaOH or 55-60% Tw (Towdel) concentrated of NaOH for 2-3 minutes at room temperature.

13. Printing or dyeing:
Dyeing is the process by which a textile material is changed physically or chemically so that it loks mono uniform colored. Printing is types of dyeing. When various types of color used to make a particular design on the textile goods is termed as printing. Normally printing is done on the textile goods in dry condition.

14. Fixation or curing:
To fix up the dyestuff into the textile materials is termed as fixing or fixation.

15. After treatment:
The process which is applied for proper and perfect dyeing action. As for example, in case of direct dye, after treatment is performed for increasing wash fastness and light fastness of dyed materials. Dye particle is done insoluble into the fiber after treatment.

16. Finishing:
It is a process to provide the proper quality of textile materials at the end of the textile wet processing depending on the customers.

17. Checking:
Such as measuring, texting, gauging or more, characteristics of a product or service and comparing those with specified requirement to determine conformably is termed as inspection or checking.

18. Packaging:
To pack the textile goods treated by polyethylene bag.

19. Bailing:
To bail the textile goods.

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