Textile Finishing Techniques and Process Followed in Industry
What is Finishing in Textiles?
Finishing is the process in which some special feel or properties to the fabric. This is done to make the fabric more suitable for intended end use. And it is usually the final processing of cloth before it is being cut into apparel or some other products.
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| Fig: Textile finishing techniques or process |
Most of the fabrics will have been subject to the finishing treatments before being offered to sale. Some fabrics may have two or more finishing treatments to make them suitable for their intended end use.
Most of the finishing processes are performed in the same plants as textile dyeing and textile printing. Most of the dryers and printers are also finishers, with finishing being considered as a separate but integrated department of the dyeing or printing companies or factories.
Classification of Textile Finishes:
There are mainly three types of textile finishing. Those are pointed out in the following:
1. Mechanical Finishing of Textiles:
Mechanical finishing includes-
- Compacting,
- Embossing,
- Shearing,
- Steaming and Heat setting,
- Sanforizing or Pre Shrinking,
- Calendaring,
- Decanting,
- Sue-ding,
- Raising or Napping,
- Wool Glazing,
- Stabilization,
- Fueling.
2. Chemical Finishing of Textiles:
Chemical or wet finishes are usually applied to the fabric by padding followed by curing or dyeing. Mechanical or dry finishes are usually involving specific physical treatment to a fabric surface to cause changing in fabric appearance. Chemical finishing includes-
- Elastomeric Finishes,
- Crease Resistant or Crease Proofing,
- Softening,
- Peach finish,
- Oil and Water Proofing,
- Water-Repellent Finishes,
- Anti-Static Finish,
- Anti-Mildew,
- Antibacterial Finish,
- Plasma finish,
- Soil Release Finishes,
- Flame Retardant Treatment,
- Anti-Pilling,
- Non Slip Finish,
- Stain and Soil Resistant Finishes,
- Absorbent Finishes,
- Moth proofing Finishes,
- Colorfastness Improving Finish.
3. Enzyme Finishing of Textiles.
Textile Finishing Process Flow Chart:
The below process chart has to maintain in textile finishing department.
Dyeing
↓
Hydro extracting
↓
Balloon padding (Finishing)
↓
Drying
↓
Compacting
