What is Cotton Fibre? | Charateristics of Cotton Fibre
Cotton Fibre:
Cotton is the most used fibre for making different types of fabric throughout the world. It is cellulose fibre. It has too much popularity due to its various uses in textile. It also comfort in all the seasons. Some important properties of cotton fibre has explained in this article.
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| Cotton fibre |
Properties of Cotton Fibre Considered by Cotton Spinners:
The below characteristics of cotton fibres are considered for cotton spinning:
- Fibre color,
- Fibre length,
- Fibre maturity,
- Fibre fineness,
- Fibre elongation,
- Fibre length uniformity,
- Fibre strength,
- Fibre cleanness.
All the above properties have explained in the below:
1. Fibre color:
Color is particularly important as a measure of how well a fabric or yarn will bleach or dye. Instrumental techniques for determining the color of the sample have only now reached in textile industry. HVI measurement of color provides reasonably accurate results of average yellowness and reflectance in a sample.
2. Fibre length:
Staple length is average length of spinner able fibre. It is on eof the key properties of fibre. It should be noted here that, the count, quality, strength etc. are totally dependent on staple length of fibre. If staple length increases then quality of yarn decreases.
Fibre length influence on the below matters:
- Spinning limt,
- Productivity,
- Yarn evenness,
- Yarn strength,
- Handle of the product,
- Yarn hairiness,
- Lusters of the product.
Fibre length measuring unit:
- Staple length,
- 2.5% span length,
- Effective length,
- 50% span length,
- Upper half mean length,
- Upper half length,
3. Fibre maturity:
The maturity of cotton fibre is totally dependent in terms of the development of cell wall. It should be noted here that, a fully mature fibre has a well developed thick cell wall where as an immature fibre has a very thin cell wall.
4. Fibre fineness:
Fibre fineness is totally influences the number of fibres in the cross section of yarn. Finre fineness varies depending on the below matters:
- Yarn strength,
- Yarn evenness,
- Spinning limit,
- Productivity,
- Yarn fullness,
- Luster,
- Handle,
- Drape of the fabric product.
5. Fibre elongation:
The fibre elongation should be at least 1-2% and preferable slightly more. The higher crease resistance of wool compared with cotton arises for example from the difference in their elongations cotton 6-10% and wool 25-45%.
6. Fibre length uniformity:
Length uniformity impacts on the below matters-
- Ends down,
- Yarn irregularity,
- Higher wastage in combing,
- Higher fly liberation in spinning, weaving and knitting.
7. Fibre strength:
If fibre strength is high then yarn and fabric strength also gets high. Minimum strength for a textile fibre is approximately 6CN per Tex (about 6km breaking length).
8. Fibre cleanness:
Cotton fibre contains different types of foreign matters. Those are-
- Vegetable matter (Seed fragments, leaf fragments, stem fragments etc.)
- Mineral material (sand, coal, dust),
- Other foreign matters (metal fragments, packing materials, cloth fragments).
